Science Fiction Explored in Frankenstein, Dr Jekyll and...

The Legacy of Science Fiction Explored in Frankenstein, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and The Invisible Man Science Fiction is a branch of literature that explores the possibilities of human scientific advances, especially technological ones. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (published in 1818) was a precursor of the genre which was established by Jules Vernes novels of the late 1800s. HG Wells at the turn of the twentieth century brought more scientific rigour in his works, such as The Time Machine, The Invisible Man and The War of the Worlds. Isaac Asimov and Arthur C Clarke are among the most familiar writers of science fiction of the modern era (Cambridge Encyclopaedia, 1994). However, works from an earlier time, Frankenstein, Robert Louis†¦show more content†¦Critics believe that Shelley was reacting to the science of her time when scientists studied the elusive boundary between life and death, through experiments which tried to restore life to persons who had recently died by using electricity (US National Library of Medicine 2002). The model for Frankenstein may be the Scottish scientist James Lind, a school mentor to Shelleys husband; Mary became intrigued with tales of his experiments (SMH 2/5/02). Tim Marshall (1995) gives a different perspective: just after the publication of Frankenstein the science of anatomy aroused controversy because of the infamous case of Burke and Hare [found guilty in Edinburgh of murdering at least 15 people to obtain bodies for dissection]. In 1832, the Anatomy Act granted anatomists access to unclaimed bodies from the workhouses. Before this time, dissection was a feared and hated punishment for murder but the Anatomy Act, according to Richardson (1989, cited in Marshall 1995) successfully redefined poverty as crime. The ensuing publicity made Frankenstein even more popular. Relation between God and humanity is another issue. Joyce Carol Oates (1987) believes that no one in the novel is evil. The universe is emptied of the concept of God and assumptions of good and evil, and this constitutes the novelsShow MoreRelatedVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesframe the period of Victorian literature, it is commonly accepted that it was the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) that saw the novel emerge and flourish, all the more that the 1937 was the year when Dickens’ Oliver Twist, the first major work of fiction. The first readers of both, Dickens and Eliot were not conscious they lived in the ‘Victorian period’. They thought that this was a modern era marked with turbulent transition. However, the most crucial writers of the period grew up in the earlier

Understanding The Difference of Living Standards Standard of Living Free Essays

The American life style has been very much shaped by their economy. Nearly all aspects of American, and for that matter the rest of the world†s, life have been changed by their economy†s in some way, shape or form. Everything from the beds we sleep on, to the food we eat, to the jobs we aquire to make ends meet is continuously shaped by the different economies each respective country has. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding The Difference of Living Standards Standard of Living or any similar topic only for you Order Now So what is quality of life anyway? There are probably a thousand different answers to that question, but they all point in the same direction. Quality of life means how happy you are with the lifestyle you have. Are you unhappy because you don†t have the belongings you want, or are you perfectly happy being without them, and believe in just enjoying life for what it is. Quality of life is a measure of your social, economic and mental well being. Standard of living is something totally different from quality of life. Although they sound the same and the meanings of the separate words are similar, each phrase has it†s own meaning. The standard of your living may affect your standard of life though. Standard of living means the material possessions you have. It is the degree you are able to satisfy your material wants and needs. First, to understand how the fact that the United States is a market economy affects the quality of life there, it helps for you to know some history on the subject. When the United States first started there was practically no secondary industry, this was because there hadn†t been a need for it before then. All the States did was â€Å"harvest† the raw goods from the land and sell them back to the mother country. There wasn†t any need to have any secondary industry. This all changed when they became a separate country. Later on when the British industrial revolution was about at it†s midriff the American revolution kicked in. this changed the secondary industry from a cottage based industry to a factory based industry with the introduction of machines that could do the work of several men. The farmers started to move out of the country and in to the big cities, where all the work was. Eli Whitney can be credited with the mass production of interchangeable pa rts. Unfortunately, this system created a feeling of alienation. The workers in the the factorys were in a totally different social class than the managers. This gap along with the fact that they didn†t feel like they were part of the coroporation, a corporation acts as a single fictcios person, the workers didn†t feel like they were part of this person. The quality of life of the workers at these factories went down. They felt alienated at work, then they went home to poor housing conditions, malnutrition and virtually no social mobility. Although they weren†t nearly as bad as in Britain. The producers were happy though; they were making lots of money and more and better products than ever before. This leads to the next issue of the relations between the labor force and management. This affects how people get the products, and how some people work, thus affecting the quality of life of many American citizens. Labor and management often have disagreements because the two groups have different views on how things should work. Management wants to keep production costs at a minimum, and therefore giving workers a low wage, while labor workers want high wages and lots of benefits for themselves. When the two groups have a disagreement and go into talks they try to find the answer to one simple question, â€Å"what should be the terms and conditions of employment?† and depending on their respective answers, they agree or disagree. These decisions determine the relationship of these two groups. There are many risks in business, especially if you are the proprietor behind a proprietorship. This kind of business means you stand to lose or gain the most. If this fact is causing too much stress, your quality of life may â€Å"go through the floor.† But if you are the kind of person who values money very highly, your quality of life may go up when you have the knowledge that you may be able to make that much money. There are always ways to get around the risks of business; there are exemptions to every rule. There is always to lose too though. Since the great depression, government has had much more to do with the economy than it used to. The government has much more to do with the American citizen†s life since the great depression. This bothers some people, but others like the security of being under the government†s protective wing. The government has decided to exert more controll because they want to limit the fluctuations of the business cycle. The government now makes laws and regulations to restrain the country. There are also many more social programs now, which some people couldn†t live without. These were developed because people were losing money and jobs over things which they didn†t have control over, like market fluctuations. The consumer has a very important role in the economy, and so in there own standard of living, and even in there own quality of life. Some people are only happy when they have the material possessions, while others have no need of material things to make them happy. The people who need the possessions put a high regard to what the role of an American consumer is. Things like complaining when something is unsatisfactory, and becoming informed about which products to buy. Every country has an economic system, and economic systems affect lifestyles, quality of lives, and standards of living. An economy can affect life much the way a climate can. In fact, an economy is actually a kind of climate. An economy can change, fluctuate and cause harm much the same way a weather climate can. The united states has used all levels of government and private enterprise to ensure an adequate quality of life for all of it†s citizens. The market economy is allowed to function by the government as long as it supports the common good, or quality of life. How to cite Understanding The Difference of Living Standards Standard of Living, Essay examples

Cb Prepartions free essay sample

Social character traits have shown that inner and other-directed consumers may have different preferences in terms of promotional messages. Inner-directed people prefer advertisements that stress personal benefits while other-directed people seem to prefer advertisements that feature social acceptance. (a) HIGHLY DOGMATIC CUSTOMERS: It is a personality trait that measures the degree of rigidity (versus openness) that individuals display towards unfamiliar and towards information that is contrary to their own established beliefs. Dogmatism: general tendency to be open or closed to new ideas and innovations. A person who is high in dogmatism approaches the unfamiliar defensively while the person who is low in dogmatism will rarely consider unfamiliar or opposing beliefs. * more receptive is Ads for new products or services that contains an appeal from the authoritative figure. Marketer uses celebrities and experts to their new product advertising for making it easier for the potentially reluctant customers. * Highly dogmatic consumers are likely to respond favorably to a new product when the advertising message is presented in an authoritarian manner (e. g. celebrity endorsement or expert testimonials). * prefer traditional or established products rather than innovative ones. close minded towards unfamiliar and untoward information that is contrary to their own established beliefs * approach such information with considerable discomfort and uncertainty. promotional message most suitable would be endorsement or appeal from an authoritative figure. * New products need to be presented in an authoritative manner and that celebrities could be employed to reach dogmatic consumers who are more closed minded. For example: Colgate Dental Cream with Doctors and Experts endorsements. Anti-Polio Campaign featuring Amitabh and Sachin Tendulkar also useAuthoritative statements. The Cadbury’s brand took a beatng in sales after the worms were found in somepackets. Dogmatic Consumers stopped purchasing the Brand. Amitabh Bacchhanwas then used as Authority figure to reestablish Brand. b) Inner-directed consumers * tend to use their own values and standards in evaluating a new product * ads aimed at them should depict the attainment of personal achievement and satisfaction. ads that stress product features and benefits, which enable them to usetheir own values and standards in evaluating products * rely on their own inner values or standards in evaluating new products and are likely to be the consumer innovators. * other directed customers tend to look to others for guidance as to what is appropriate or what is inappropriate. * be prefer ads that stress product features and personal benefits ( enabling them to use their own values and standards in evaluating products whereas the other * For example: Surf Ad showing Shabana Azmi saving two buckets of water is an example of the same. The latest from Surf Excel is currently running on television. This is the ad where many people are seen walking with two buckets full of water. They then pour it into a large reservoir. At this point none other than Shabana Azmi informs you what a great thing thissaving of water is for the country and implores you to use Surf Excel. * manufacturer of cameras who advertises to inner-directed consumers should stress the ability to take better pictures and the resulting personal satisfaction. c) Consumers with a high optimum stimulation level * more open to risk-taking, more likely to be innovative have a greater willingness to take risks, try products with many novel features, and shop in new retail outlets. * likely to respond favorably to promotional messages stressing more rather than less risk, novelty,or excitement. * to seek purchase related information and to accept new retail facilities. * For example: The exciting and exotic Vacation Campaign of Malasia-Truly Asia is position ing of  Airways to sell the Asian Adventures. These enjoy thinking. They are responsive to that part of Ad that is rich in Information. The individuals representing this group are adventurous and often related to entrepreneurial environments. The innovators run the risk that the innovation does not catch on, and thus subject themselves to a potential loss they must be prepared to absorb. Therefore innovators have to live with the uncertainty about the potentials of the technology, which can be viewed upon as the price to pay for being pioneers in a new field catalyzing the diffusion of new technologies. The early adopters are ready to adopt a new technology when they observe that other individuals has started adopting, and sees the potential for being some of the first adopters of a new and promising technology. These individuals are often a more integrated part of the local society than the innovators, and their adoptions are crucial for the technology to take off and get hold of the broad public. For the early adopters the uncertainties about the merits of the new technology are strongly diminished, and can therefore adopt the new technology without running the risk of buying a young and untested technology. This group accounts for about one third of the total number of adopters, and provide the link between the progressive early adopters and the more skeptical later adopters. In the latter half of the spectrum the late majority also represent about a third of the adopters. This group is skeptical to new innovations, and is not willing to adopt, until a lot of other people have adopted before them ensuring the success of the technology and possibly massive network effects. The last 16 % of the adopters, the laggards, often focus on traditional values and base their decisions on past events. They are suspicious of any new inventions to change the way life are traditionally lived, and must be 100 % certain that the technology will prevail before they are willing to adopt. From a consumers’ point of view it is essential to think about the decisions of future adopters when choosing what technology to go with. The decisions of previous adopters are on the other hand a know factor and plays a role for the decision also. So does the structure of the market, i. e. which technologies are available at the time of adoption, compared to potential superior technologies that could be available in the future. Recent findings indicate that there is a lack of willingness to wait by the early adopters. 11 This high priority of being among the very first users of a new technology is said to inflict negative externalities on the later adopters. These later adopters can be forced to adopt an inferior technology to make sure that they are compatible with the technologies of the early adopters, or they might be forced to give up compatibility to get a superior technology. That said the diffusion of new technologies is often strongly dependent on the choices of the early adopters.

My Path to Success Essay Example

My Path to Success Essay My Path to Success Growing up, I had spent a lot of my time building and creating different structures with Lego sets and seeing what crazy extravagant model I could create next. My Father was always proud of me and thought of me being an engineer after seeing each Lego model that I had created. The influence of my father led me to believe that engineering would be as easy as a Lego set and therefore, I started out with my major as engineering. Though, now that I know what I want to do, engineering is out of the question. I researched and sought out what I want to do with the rest of my life. I ant to be a geologist. There is not very much that stands in my way on my path to success. I mean of course there is still a lot of college hours I need to acquire, but with time and effort I believe I will get those hours slowly and surely. Money is always another issue cause, no surprise, college is expensive, but I have financial aid and that gives me plenty of extra money I need for text books, living expenses, food, and other necessities needed to help me get through this time in my life. My life at my apartment with my three other roommates is quite the experience. We will write a custom essay sample on My Path to Success specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Path to Success specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Path to Success specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sometimes my roommate and his irlfriend get into rough arguments and verbally fght but usually it doesnt last long, and if I am studying I can usually Just tone them out. One of my roommates is actually pretty good at math so he helps me out sometimes when he gets the chance to. So, what I need to do to achieve my goal is to continue living life and living up to my responsibilities. There is not a lot I cant handle and I believe that I will reach my goal to become a geologist with time and effort. We must use time wisely and forever realize that the time is always ripe to do right. Nelson Mandela

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buy custom My Final Exam essay Here is the story how I started experiencing and understanding the concept of living the life reflected by my personal character. I was 14 years old when I began recognizing my needs in life and knowing what I had in my hands to achieve them. I was concerned about my writing and painting skills since the study at the high school. Writing to express and communicate my feelings with myself and concluding the consequences of logic thoughts, I was painting to describe and feel my world of mind in visual perspective. All I was thinking at the stage of high school was to improve my capabilities in order to being successful and proud. In other words, making the inside of the personality fulfill was preferred than my outside until I found myself with nearly 70 kilograms weight being 17 years old. All I remember from that time was how much I suffered in any environment I stepped in and how much pain I carried with myself. Low self-confidence with its all pressure and pain, hurtful visual body image, and all other causes due to this issue such as stress, laziness, and others made me think very seriously. Therefore, I started dieting and losing weight for being what I wanted to be. At the same time, I was a new comer in Canada with a lack of English skills added to my other difficulties. When I started the York University of the chemistry program, I was a 21-years old girl with 47 kilograms. The new me was a person with an absolutely high level of the self confident, motivated and good looking body image who had acquired a different view of life. The consequences of this experience made me work hard at my English language and improve my skills rapidly. I understood if I planed to get and work at it, and nothing could stop me until I had achieved my goal. No matter how hard and long pain was. This new achievement made my life change and created new plans for me. I wanted to share this self-conquering and succeed with others, to encourage people who had the same issue I had had in past to make it happen, and there was a chance for them if they wanted. Obviously it required the stronger and more confident background knowledge. Therefore, I decided to learn more about my body and the culture of health. Eating and living healthy was the main subject that needed to be considered and being happy with ourselves was the next issue I had acquired from this experience. During this experience, I studied a lot concerning nutrition and body necessities, and experienced many affects on my body. That made a great passion for me to learn more and more about the world of nutrition and food. The great feeling of learning in this field encouraged me to apply for this program at the Ryerson University. I am planning to receive my bachelor in nutrition and food and to work as a dietician in future. Joining the York University was one of the best moments in my school life. I had waited for the day when I would step my foot into the University as a student. I truly anticipated this time with a lot of eagerness. To be a nutrition student was a dream that has come true. As I have envisioned before, this was the chance anticipated that would help me to be of the importance not only to the people around me, but also to the community. While doing this course, I learnt a lot that facilitated the accomplishment of my mission and vision. There are several things I learnt while undertaking this course. I must say that every piece of it was equally in formative. I learnt that health was the foundation of nutrition. Health has several branches that contribute into it. These branches consist of many factors that build it. The factors which play a significant role in health and nutrition include the food choices, economy, culture, food ways, and food security. Each factor among these is crucial in making a healthy person and a healthy nation in the whole. Through this course, I was also able to define health correctly using the right terminologies and not the laymans language. Nutrition is the provision to cells and organisms of the materials necessary to support life. I always want to become a good writer. I realized that there was a link between mental and physical health. My weight was a hindrance in learning; and due to the excess weight I had difficulties in thinking and reading. My continuous attendance of school was coupled with my devotion to my course work, and thus my linguistic skills improved tremendously. Together with my course mates, we often read articles on heath that opened our thinking on many ideas and theories, which helped in having a healthy body. Such were the instances that facilitated my improvement in linguistics. Nutrition in Canada is one of the issues that are yet to be settled. Despite the fact that Canada is wealthy, many people in Canada are suffering from poverty. As a result, these people have the poor nutritional standards. Much often than not, people living with low standards are forced to manage with the less they get on the everyday basis. In addition, rich Canadians have some attitudes of discrimination that hinder other people from growing to better nutritional lifestyles (Mikonnen and Raphael, 2010). These factors that influence on health of an individual are closely related to the factors that affect daily life of an individual. These factors include the economic status of an individual, the race and ethnic background of a person, the educational background and gender of an individual. According to the Last Society for Public Health Education the Society for Public Health Education (2010), each persons nutritional standards are affected by some social and environmental factors that he or she lives with. For instance, the people that live in some areas stuck with poverty often have the limited health care resources. In addition, these people always have difficulties in accessing health care facilities that could be nearby. Such individuals always lack the advice and the necessary health care that they may require in order to live the healthy life. The research that has been done in the past reveals that the social factors shaping the health of the nation are mainly determined by the decisions made by leadership and the government of each nation. For instance, the issue of employment affects the nuritional standards of an individual. That is a person only eating what he or she can afford to eat. The essence of eating a balanced meal to such individuals is only the luxury that can be afforded by other people. It has long been realized that the health of the nation is determined by social issues that concern people and the related leadership. The social factors that result to poor health and nutrition result from bad politics, inequalities, the unfair economic status, and some poor social policies. Such are the instances where the government has to come in handy. With the help of leadership of the country, these people should be supplied with proper food (O'Neill, Pederson, Dupr Rootman, 2007). It has become crucial that people should ensure that they have deliberated all the elements of health. Amongst the factors that affect the health of the community is gender. It has been noted that there was a variance between women and men in terms of the issues of health. While women seem to be conscious of the food they eat, men have no regard for such minority issues. As a result, the women will often look better compared to the men in the society (Laframbroise, 1996). Poverty is one of the main contributing factors of the low nutritional standards in an individual and community in the whole. That means that most of people living in utter poverty have bigger problems as most of them are living in rural areas. In these areas, there is no access to better the health facilities. These people are living depending on the little that they receive. Hence, a chance of receiving the information to improve their dieting and nutrition is also a foreign matter. These are the minority that cannot afford even food to eat. Such people have a problem that is even worse. This is because they not only have to survive the hunger, but also have a high chance of contracting the nutritional disorders apart from starvation. The theme of poverty has an impact on the personal and professional identity. While studying the nutrition, a person gets to the point at which he or she realizes his or her nutritional position. In this regard, the individual can decide what is needed for him or her in order to enhance his or her better nutritional standards. On the other hand, an individual that takes nutrition as his or her profession will be urged to practice his or her profession more than before. This is because; there is much cry in the community for the knowledge of nutrition. That is why many people are today suffering due to the lack of the principal knowledge devoted to nutrition. Hence, a person in this field of nutrition has a reason to practice and influence on his or her neighbourhood. The nutritional standards of an individual are being an aspect that influenced by the social surrounding and the environment. The health of each person depends on the factors that enhance the lifestyles of an individual. The factors that affect the health status of an individual are referred to as determinants of health. However, most people are not informed that the social status of an individual affects the health of that person. The factors discussed above are just few common factors known to affect the nutrition in all trends of the community today. That is why most of people are not careful with the food they are eating. In other instances, people live in the utter ignorance. The lifestyles that people are living today are also a contributing factor to the poor nutritional level. Most people, especially the young ones, have changed their eating habits. They often tend to eat junk food instead of focusing on the proper diet. In other instances, women have also adopted the fashion trends and their likes, which enhance their unhealthy eating habits. It is clearer that a good diet will pass through the long way establishing a persons nutritional standard. It is important that every person pulls his or her efforts altogether towards having a healthy body for his or her healthy living. This is especially an issue to consider for the people living the modern life in the city. On the other hand, the government and leadership should be careful to send the nutritional food to people being in some drought affected areas, and those people suffering from poverty. Apart from the strong diet, it is important that people consider their physical fitness as a necessity to living a healthy life. Physical fitness plays a significant role in the well-being of every individual. It is beneficial for a person to have a regular schedule to take the exercises for at least 30 minutes a day. This will help to improve their health state. It also passes a long way in raising the body fitness and maintains a good body posture. Sexuality has also played its role in the determination of a healthy nation. The research has shown that the health state differs in sexuality. That is why the sexual orientation has led to the substance abuse, sexual transmitted diseases, depression, and suicide. It is evident today that homosexuals and lesbians have contributed considerably to enhancing the poor health in the society today. Further studies and analysis showed that sexuality differences in the society have contributed significantly to raising the smoking rates, alcohol, and the substance abuse. In other studies, gay people and lesbians have a high number of obese people. The nutrition course is an eye-opener for the main issue that concerns the health and well-being of every person that is alive. It is beneficial to consider the factors that will enhance and improve the well-being of other people too. Through this course, a lot of information has been laid down that will chiefly assist in improving the nutritional standards of the community in the whole. The comment given by Anthelme Brillat-Savarin is true to the very last word. He commented that the, destiny of a nation depends on the manner in which they feed themselves. This can be well adapted into the themes of nutrition. It is true that nutrition determines the health state of every community. It is important for every community to ensure that it has put into consideration all the factors that concern the health of its people. That is the lifestyle, physical fitness, and the proper diet at all times. The communities that do not put the health of their people as a priority are likely to have the problems in the future. For instance, if the health of pregnant women is not considered, then, the chances of having sickly infants are extremely high. In addition, if the health and eating habits of such women are not observed carefully, the infants to come may be sick. For this reason, it is mandatory for people to ensure that they eat the healthy food and live the proper lifestyles. The lifestyle of an individual determines the future of people. For instance, the modern lifestyles, especially in urban areas, play a major role in this matter. Most people have today adapted to the habits that are not healthy. The food which people eat has also led to many diseases triggering terminal illnesses. In addition, the beverages sold at the retail shops have also played a substantial role in enhancing the occurrence of diseases in urban areas. As a result, many people have fallen ill. While some die, others are left less functional and cannot help for the community. This is the state of the society today. Nonetheless, if people change their ways and diets to improve their eating habits, then the situation will improve considerably. This is due to the fact that what a person eats is what a person becomes. The destiny of people is also a factor of what a person eats. Every person lives every day to see another day. The bright future that people are looking forward to can be possible only while having healthy people. This means to say it is important that people are eating the healthy food. In doing so, one can be sure to live further to see another day. In having the healthy nation, it is possible to look forward to the bright future. That is why those people that are being healthy are the ones that can work hard and improve the social levels of people. In this regard, it is important for each person to ensure that he or she maintains some healthy standards enhancing good health. It is also beneficial for the authorities of any community to ensure that they have provided all the necessities that will enhance health among people. By doing so, the community will be strong and grow on to become better. Narratives involve one collected biographies or life histories to help understanding a phenomenon. For instance, the food and nutrition professional practicing in the private sector and specializing in patients with the celiac disease is more interesting for getting the themes that relate to the family background, food, human development, family history, and the history of the disease so as to boost the effectiveness in its treatment and to enhance the early detection of the disease. The professional will use a narrative approach where he will compile some real life histories of the people participating in the study and then analyze the results to identify common trends and themes in order to understand those patients. In H.M. Johnsons book Too Late to Die Young, she applies this narrative method to analyze about disability. She tells the tales and gives her personal analysis of the main cultures of dominant attitudes on the cases of disability. After telling some real life stories of her participants, she does not accept the views most commonly held by a majority of people about disability. She dismisses the belief that the freedom of people with disabilities is limited to the company making a profit in the economy. She, also, dismisses the school of thought in advocacy that usually forces people to get more dependent on the public policy decisions. Johnson portrays the disability in humour, honesty, and analysis. Other articles analyzing the disability are More about Harriet McBride and Getting Thrown by Johnson H.M.The implications of this reframing are that it encourages the interpretations that discourage undermining the people with disabilities in the community. The articles serve to encourag e the appreciation of such people while dismissing the incorrect beliefs that people are holding against the disabled ones. Human beings, by their nature, will prefer to do the less of thinking possible while contemplating on a concept. Reframing, therefore, provides them an easy and fast way of processing the information. Most citizens and policymakers believe that the main objective of strategizing and implementing the healthcare reform is for creating the more effective, secure and uniform access to the quality healthcare and the health insurance of the United States citizens. There exist millions of Americans who are either uninsured or do not have the substantial access to healthcare. Most of citizens live with the fear that their coverage could be deprived by such acts as illness; their employer is deciding to cut their health benefits or another probable event that is beyond their control. One of the barriers to accessing a good healthcare among many citizens, therefore, is increasing the unemployment rate among citizens, while those in the employment lack some proper healthcare benefits and are prone to any decisions their employers make concerning them. This was perceived as a problem for only the low-income earners; but this is now increasingly becoming a concern among the middle-income earners too. Secondly, another significant problem that may inhibit an access to health for all is raising the cost of the medical care. Even if the policymakers and citizens try hard to reform the healthcare sector, the experts suggest that before the government takes some vital steps towards the extension of the health coverage to more citizens it is a must to do that the healthcare costs should be maintained, first of all. There are the lacks of the universal health coverage; this causes some serious distortions in the ways of employers; employees, and other parties while making some decisions. Additionally, it is a leading hindrance in the provision and the financing of care. These distortions include some delays in the patients access to the needed care; the cost shifting, in which care providers will fix the higher insurance for some private payers in order to recover the cost from public payers underpayments; and the job lock where workers decline the better jobs because the jobs cannot of fer them some solid healthcare benefits. This will for further reduce the chances for providing the healthcare for all. Buy custom My Final Exam essay

Carl Gauss Essays - Differential Geometers, Number Theorists

Carl Gauss Carl Gauss was a man who is known for making a great deal breakthroughs in the wide variety of his work in both mathematics and physics. He is responsible for immeasurable contributions to the fields of number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy, and optics, as well as many more. The concepts that he himself created have had an immense influence in many areas of the mathematic and scientific world. Carl Gauss was born Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss, on the thirtieth of April, 1777, in Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick (now Germany). Gauss was born into an impoverished family, raised as the only son of a bricklayer. Despite the hard living conditions, Gauss's brilliance shone through at a young age. At the age of only two years, the young Carl gradually learned from his parents how to pronounce the letters of the alphabet. Carl then set to teaching himself how to read by sounding out the combinations of the letters. Around the time that Carl was teaching himself to read aloud, he also taught himself the meanings of number symbols and learned to do arithmetical calculations. When Carl Gauss reached the age of seven, he began elementary school. His potential for brilliance was recognized immediately. Gauss's teacher Herr Buttner, had assigned the class a difficult problem of addition in which the students were to find the sum of the integers from one to one hundred. While his classmates toiled over the addition, Carl sat and pondered the question. He invented the shortcut formula on the spot, and wrote down the correct answer. Carl came to the conclusion that the sum of the integers was 50 pairs of numbers each pair summing to one hundred and one, thus simple multiplication followed and the answer could be found. This act of sheer genius was so astounding to Herr Buttner that the teacher took the young Gauss under his wing and taught him fervently on the subject of arithmetic. He paid for the best textbooks obtainable out of his own pocket and presented them to Gauss, who reportedly flashed through them. In 1788 Gauss began his education at the Gymnasium, with the assistance of his past teacher Buttner, where he learned High German and Latin. After receiving a scholarship from the Duke of Brunswick, Gauss entered Brunswick Collegium Carolinum in 1792. During his time spent at the academy Gauss independently discovered Bode's law, the binomial theorem, and the arithmetic-geometric mean, as well as the law of quadratic reciprocity and the prime number theorem. In 1795, an ambitious Gauss left Brunswick to study at Gottingen University. His teacher there was Kaestner, whom Gauss was known to often ridicule. During his entire time spent at Gottingen Gauss was known to acquire only one friend among his peers, Farkas Bolyai, whom he met in 1799 and stayed in touch with for many years. In 1798 Gauss left Gottingen without a diploma. This did not mean that his efforts spent in the university were wasted. By this time he had made on of his most important discoveries, this was the construction of a regular seventeen-gon by ruler and compasses. This was the most important advancement in this field since the time of Greek mathematics. In the summer of 1801 Gauss published his first book, Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, under a gratuity from the Duke of Brunswick. The book had seven sections, each of these sections but the last, which documented his construction of the 17-gon, were devoted to number theory. In June of 1801, Zach an astronomer whom Gauss had come to know two or three years before, published the orbital positions of, Ceres, a new "small planet", otherwise know as an asteroid. Part of Zach's publication included Gauss's prediction for the orbit of this celestial body, which greatly differed from those predictions made by others. When Ceres was rediscovered it was almost exactly where Gauss had predicted it to be. Although Gauss did not disclose his methods at the time, it was found that he had used his least squares approximation method. This successful prediction started off Gauss's long involvement with the field of astronomy.On October ninth, 1805 Gauss was married to Johana Ostoff. Although Gauss lived a happy personal life for the first

The Utilitarian View of Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Utilitarian View of Divorce - Essay Example These parties include the spouses, the children, the families, and the state. A settlement may be reached based on utilitarian individualism, a decision based on the self-interest of the spouses. It may also be reached through the process of utilitarian republicanism, an outcome based on what is best for the public, or the biblical traditions of morality. In fact, the outcome of a divorce, and the subsequent settlement agreements, will be a mixture of multiple ethical models. While the decision to get a divorce has moved farther towards utilitarian individualist attitudes, the outcome is still heavily influenced by civic republicanism and biblical traditions. The divorce process has traditionally been monitored and totally controlled by social institutions outside the interested family. Churches discouraged divorce through the threat of excommunication and damnation. The state regulated divorce through a series of laws and courts designed not only to protect everyone's interest and serve justice, but to minimize the impact on society. The state took the utilitarian stand that the outcome of a divorce needs to produce the greatest public good possible. Before the recent innovation of no-fault divorce and private spousal agreements, "Divorce was granted only after an official inquiry by a judge, who had to determine whether "appropriate grounds"-very narrowly defined in terms of marital offenses-existed. When a divorce was granted, the state asserted broad authority to structure the economic relationship of the spouses and to maintain regulatory jurisdiction over the children and their relationship to the parents" (Mnookin and Kornhauser 9 53). Today, liberalized divorce laws and private divorce agreements have moved the desirable outcome of a divorce from the public good and into the private good. Bellah's contention that we are moving further into a utilitarian society, at a social cost (in this case divorce), is evidenced by the move from a concern for the public good, as dictated by the courts, to the private happiness sought through today's easy path to divorce. When a spouse, or a couple, make the decision to get divorced the decision is made based on the self-interest of one or both parties. Without a utilitarian attitude, couples may be more prone to stay together out of concern for their children and the health of the family unit. They may subscribe to behaviors that they may find disagreeable or burdensome. John Stuart Mill defined utilitarianism as the Happiness Principle which "holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure" (15). Happiness, and the absence of pain, are the moral standards by which utilitarianism makes its choice. Staying in a painful marriage may be made by other moral systems, but utilitarianism would endure it only if the happiness and stability of the family brought a greater reward to the injured spouse than the act o f divorce. While divorce in the past was highly stigmatized, today it is commonplace. The social stigmatization of staying single has also been reduced and "Divorce as a solution to an unhappy marriage, even a marriage with young children, is far more acceptable today than ever before" (Bellah et al. 90). Our

Booming Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Booming Energy - Essay Example This technology was soon accepted by some of the leading companies such as Google, ebay, Walmart and many others. These solid oxide fuel cells produce energy that is 70% cleaner and 100% renewable. It is believed that a few years down the line, ‘Bloom’ might be a household name we reckon since it has considerable advantages over other renewable energy sources as well. Dr. K.R.Sridhar was part of a NASA workforce, attempting to come up with ideas to sustain life on mars. The first thing that occurred to him was the need for an energy source that would generate power and at the same time produce oxygen and hydrogen as a by product. The idea being, hydrogen could be used to power other hydrogen fuelled devices. With this idea in mind, they began working to produce a solid oxide fuel cell which did not comprise of expensive or rare metals but used a simple and highly available material, sand, to generate electricity. It does not contain corrosive or rare materials, making its availability rates rather high. On refining this idea, it occurred to the researcher that this technology could have a large impact on human growth in our planet, making the production of renewable and independent energy possible to everyone. The team decided that the technology which was available only in satellites would now be modified and made available to everyone. The syst em is designed to work not only as a power generator but also an energy storage unit which eliminates only a small percentage of carbon-di-oxide in comparison to the traditional power generation units which produce 50% more emissions. On completion of their NASA project, the team decided to continue their research and set out to work on transforming this remarkable idea into a product which would reach the world, making it a cleaner place. They worked on increasing its availability, efficiency and affordability. In 2001 they officially opened Bloom energy with their first client in

Short Speech on Singapore Universities Essay Example for Free

Short Speech on Singapore Universities Essay Good morning teacher and fellow classmates. My name is ______and today, I will be talking about the increasing amount of diversity in higher education in terms of student admissions and the different university experiences in Singapore. With 7 different local universities to choose from, A-level and polytechnic graduates nowadays have a variety of courses to choose from that suit their needs. But is diversity in schools a problem? Singapore Management University (SMU) partnered up with the American Wharton Business School in 1999 and accepted their first batch of students in 2000. To set itself apart from the more established National University of Singapore (NUS) and Nanyang Technological University (NTU), students are not only accepted based on grades, but also through panel interviews, reflective essays and their other qualities and achievements. The American-style of teaching students in small seminar groups and giving marks to students for class participation that SMU has adopted has taught their graduates to think on their feet and to speak up in a more confident, articulate and mature manner. With SMU’s increasing popularity amongst students and employers posing a challenge, both NUS and NTU are stepping up to try and draw the best students. NUS has made use of its high worldwide ranking to form partnerships with different universities around the world to offer overseas exchange programmes to its students. The NUS-town was also opened at the former Warren Golf Club site in Clementi to give students a residential college experience. Meanwhile, NTU started to focus on sciences and technology, setting up several labs  including the Future Mobility Research Lab with BMW to study the future of transportation. With 2000 graduates a year, NTU pioneered in engineering education, and is the world’s largest single-campus engineering facility. NTU students also get to spend a year with a partner university before taking up internships at start-up companies and companies abroad. In the eyes of the government, it would make sense to encourage diversity among the higher education sector to offer an education with a difference and in the process, preparing  graduates for the job market. However, this should be done carefully so as to avoid labelling the institution as purely â€Å"research-intensive† or â€Å"teaching† universities. The friendly competitions and rivalry between the schools has also encouraged the universities to build on their unique strengths. Thus, diversity in the higher education is not a problem. The different institutions provide a platform for their students to be as prepared as they can be to enter the job market according to their strengths. Thank you.

Classroom Discipline and Management for the Beginning Teacher Essay

Classroom Discipline and Management for the Beginning Teacher Affective teaching from a beginning teachers view deals with a lot of different concerns. â€Å"Beginning teachers deal with room discipline, motivating students, accommodating differences among students, evaluating students work, dealing with parents as the most serious challenges, and classroom management or maintaining classroom discipline† (Education, 2001, p.8). All these are main parts of what beginning teachers have concerns about. The focus of this paper will deal with classroom management and all the parts necessary to maintain classroom discipline. Classroom discipline and management maybe among the most difficult challenges for beginning teachers (Gordon, 2001, p.1). â€Å"Classroom management is techniques used to maintain a healthy learning environment, relatively free of behavior problems. But at the same time it is unethical to use class management techniques just to keep students docile and quiet† (Education, 2001, p.436). Successful classroom management can set the stage for optimal learning, as well as reduce stress on the teacher. â€Å"Both professional and personal reasons underlie the need far a specific classroom management system. Virtually little or no learning can occur in a classroom bereft of effective management and discipline. In classes lacking discipline, precious learning time is wasted as the attempts to implement management strategies. â€Å"In all effective classroom management and ...

Legislation and Guidelines for Schools Essay

This agreement was opened for signature on March 30th 2007 at the United Nations head quarters, in New York. There are 82 signatures to the convention, the UK being one of the first to sign it. The agreement sets out what countries that have signed have to make sure disabled people have the same rights and opportunities has non-disabled people. Although they are covered by normal human rights the UN convention on the rights of disabled people clearly states what these rights are. These cover disabled peoples rights in all areas of life, such as * The right to be educated. * The right to participate in activities. * The right to be employed and not to be discriminated against. * The right to equal justice. * The rights to health. Everybody in society has to respect disabled people as ell as respect their dignity and to ensure they have all their rights that are known to them but of course age and level of understanding also have to be considered. To have an equal chance has everybody else in society as well has given all the opportunities that are open to them and to be able to grow and develop without fear of discrimination. They have the right to be respected and their opinions listen too as well as been valued person The right to have free supported education even in mainstream schools in which schools have to make reasonable changes to accommodate a disabled child. An education provider has a duty to make reasonable changes to their setting to accommodate a disabled person to ensure they have the same opportunities has a non-disabled person, such as * Providing ramps to enter and leave. * Access to outdoor areas. * Provide extra support such as, teachers and or equipment. * Wider walk ways for ease of access for people in wheelchairs and or crutches. * Move the room around for ease of access if need be. * Quite time area for relaxing or time for their selves. Providers are not expected to pay costs beyond what their business can take but are expected to make reasonable changes to the surrounding areas to meet the needs of a disabled child. In July 2009 the government approved UN convention and agreed to be bound by conventions stated written agreed terms. This means when developing a new policy or a programme to help aid disabled people the UN convention has to be taken into account and looked upon when doing so. As well as involving disabled people in the programme that will involve them. In 2011 the government agreed to review the UN convention to see how it was being applied and used through out schools and work today. The UK have achieved much, in 2010 the equality Act 2010 was adopted. Which protects disabled people from discrimination in the work place, schools and in society altogether. It is unlawfully for a provider this does include private and independent providers to discriminate between disable people and non-disabled people, such as * Race. * Gender. * Sexual Orientation. * Religion. * Disability. The aims of these acts are to eliminate any kind of discrimination against disabled people and to improve their rights and as well as their well-being. It does also help to aid society’s knowledge and understanding of disabilities. Typically in historic past people with disabilities have been stereotyped in many, many ways. Some of those stereotypical labels are still used in today’s society most of this is down to, * Missing or incomplete information. * Mistaken ideas. * Not so much accessible knowledge. * Television. * Internet. Some of these stereotyping comes from television, such as * Hunch back on Notre Dame, he was outcast from society and lived hidden away he was also called ugly. * The film, Rain man he was misunderstood and was sent away to live and was also called an idiot. * Charles Dickens, The Christmas Carol, tiny Tim was called a cripple. * Forest Grump, was ignored and laughed at, was out cast from mainstream school because he had below average IQ and was called the local idiot. In today’s society although labels and stereotyping does still happen it is not so much now. This is thanks to more information, prompting, legislation and guidelines that’s are now in place in schools, work place’s and every day today life giving people with disabilities more opportunities more self worth And to be accepted into today’s society. Showing the right attitude towards disabled people, non-disabled people and each other along with the right and respectful terminology used are also very important has it makes people feel listened too, respected and helps build confidence, friendships and more settled environment to work in. Legislation and the SEN code of practice are in place for disabled babies, children and young adults. They act has guidelines and are there to protect people with disabilities but also protect the people that work with them and around them. The SEN code of practice (2001) came into practice on January 1st 2002 all local Authorities, schools, providers including health and social services are obliged to refer to this. It was issued by the department of education it helps give guidance to providers in early settings, schools and local authorities and many, many more. It also sets out guidelines of what procedures that can be followed and carried out within reason and to meet the needs of the child involved. It believes in partnership with parents and other outside agency’s to ensure that the needs are being meet for the child and that all opportunities that can be and will be excused. It is good practice to identify early has possible for early intervention is the best possible affect and gives the child more of a chance. The age and level of the child also has to be taken into consideration.

RTL Implementation of MP3 Decoder IP Core

RTL IMPLEMENTATION OF MP3 DECODER IP CORE Abstraction The intent of this survey is to look into the effectivity of the MP3 decrypting design in hardware comparison to the more popular package design. Nowadays, the MP3 file format is the most popular criterion for audio compaction, used in playback device such as audio participants and nomadic phones. While MP3 decryption is one of the indispensable portion in multimedia system, most of the decryption design are software-based, peculiarly because of the design of the system, which is easier compared to the hardware portion. However, the package design has higher clock, therefore higher power ingestion. This happens because of the design itself ; it has more iteration in the scheduling algorithm. There are undertakings that combine both hardware and package design in the MP3 decrypting creative activity, but the standalone hardware rational belongings ( IP ) nucleus is still non good explored. This paper will present a brief position on the basicss of the undertaking, every bit good as the needed inside informations needed in working on the undertaking. Every inside informations presented in the study are either gathered from diaries, books and the online beginning available. The mark of this undertaking is to run the designated IP nucleus and implemented in Register Transfer Level ( RTL ) manner, in which it easy means utilizing the hardware descriptive linguistic communication ( HDL ) as the footing linguistic communication for the design.Table OF CONTENTSChapterTitlePageDedication2Recognitions3Abstraction4Table OF CONTENTS5List OF FIGURES71.0Introduction81.1Undertaking Background81.2Aim91.3Problem Statement91.4Scope of the Undertaking102.0Literature Review112.1Related Studies and Previous Work112.2Introduction to the MP3 Decoding Core132.2.1Synchroscope142.2.2Huffman Decoding152.2.3Requantiser162.2.4Reordering172.2.5Antialiasing182.2.6Inverse Modified Discrete Cosine Tr ansform ( IMDCT )192.2.7Synthesis Polyphase Filterbank203.0Research Methodology223.1Introduction223.2Ocular Representation of Research Methodology223.2.1Altera DE2 Board243.2.2Altera Quartus II253.2.3NIOS II25List OF FIGURESFIGURE NO.TitlePage2.1The MP3 bitstream format192.2The three parts of frequence line202.3The reordering procedure ( the darker coloring material represents higher frequences )222.4The antialias butterfly232.5Types of window sequences in a subband252.6The IMDCT operation flow273.1The undertaking work flow3.2The Altera DE2 board ( beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.terasic.com.tw/ )293.3The Quartus II work bench environment303.4The NIOS II work bench environment31Chapter 1 IntroductionUndertaking BackgroundMPEG-1/2 audio layer-3 ( MP3 ) is a most popular format for playback of high quality compressed sound. During the recent old ages the application of MP3 sound codec has exploded. Typically MP3 files are played back utilizing package ( CPU or DSP ) , but recent tendencies have since informant the outgrowth of portable device, such as nomadic phones and MP3 participants. While DSP architecture is the most efficient for running MP3 participant, the challenges of FPGA execution of MP3 decrypting are less understood. Field Programmable Gate Array, merely known as FPGA, is one type of incorporate circuit that is consumer-programmable, therefore it is called â€Å"field programmable† . This incorporate circuit uses hardware descriptive linguistic communication ( HDL ) to configure. Nowadays, FPGA has since advanced into a high degree of efficiency during the past decennary. It has since become the major HP in different types of application, since it can be employed as standalone System on Chip ( SoC ) or powerful gas pedals in multi-chip system. The mark of the undertaking is to implement the MP3 decrypting nucleus by using the FPGA belongingss. While utilizing the bing package codification to run the decipherer in package, efforts has been done to run the decipherer in hardware, which will go the chief way in this undertaking. Then, comparing the public presentation of these two methods will besides be the focal point of the undertaking.AimThe aim of this undertakings are:To plan the MP3 decipherer hardware based and can be implemented in portable based designTo measure the efficiency of the hardware based decipherer comparison to the common package based deciphererProblem StatementMost of the MP3 decryption designs are of in package. However, the hardware importance of the decryption design has since taken the popularity today. Therefore, several efforts have been taken to make the to the full hardware architecture of the decryption nucleus. This paper will measure the efficiency of the hardware decipherer as per package d ecipherer and to look into the advantages of both methods.Scope of the UndertakingThe range of the undertaking includes combination of several elements such as hardware, package and electronic parts. Below are the Scopess for the undertaking.Uses Verilog HDL linguistic communication as its chief footing for programmingExplore the application of Verilog utilizing Altera DE2 BoardInclude package programming such as C and C++Implement the application ( partial ) utilizing downloaded package for package execution ( Quartus II 9.1, Nios II 9.1 )Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW In 1988, Hiroshi Yasuda ( Nippon Telegraph and Telephone ) and Leonardo Chiariglione had initiated the working group Traveling Pictures Experts Group ( MPEG ) to put the criterions for audio and video compaction and transmittal. The group, formed by International Organisation for Standardisation ( ISO ) and International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ) , has since developed into an organisation joined by members from assorted industries, universities and research establishments. One of the criterions that have created is the MPEG-1 Layer 3, or good known as MP3. MP3 is the standard format used for digital audio compaction, in which the design have 12:1 compaction ratio, from 1.4Mbps 128kbps bitrate for compact phonograph record ( Cadmium ) music.Related Studies and Previous WorkIt is known that MP3 decrypting procedure is a hard procedure, but several research workers and industrialist have attempted to plan the decipherer for this specific format. For case, Faltmanet Al.( 2003 ) have stated that the designing of MP3 decrypting in portable and stand-alone participants have gained in popularity. In the study, Faltmanet Al.( 2003 ) besides stated the importance in the public presentation of these hardware MP3 decrypting based on the clock rhythms and power use. It besides includes an effort to to make an MP3 decipherer in hardware, by utilizing Xilinx FPGA board. Thuonget Al.( 2005 ) have proposed the architecture of the MP3 decryption nucleus, in which the subcores of the architecture can be separately designed, coded and tested easy. However, the design of the nucleus is coded utilizing VHDL, the older version of RTL linguistic communication. Ko and Nicolici ( 2007 ) have tested the execution of the nucleus utilizing Altera DE2 board and Xilinx multimedia board. It besides has consequences including the figure of logic elements, reversals, memories and multipliers involved. Bhargav and Yang ( 2008 ) have introduced the use of Linux-run interface on the decryption nucleus. Their research has besides opened the possibilities of animating the popular piece of consumer engineering utilizing bing hardware available in the lab. Still, the design utilizes both hardware and package constituent in their design architecture. It has few general lags due to system clock and debugging procedure. Singhet Al.( 2008 ) have proposed that the demand of hand-held participants and multimedia in nomadic phone have raised a demand for a dedicated hardware to decrypt the file formats with low power ingestion and faster acceleration. Papakonstantinouet Al.( 2008 ) have researched instance survey on the execution of drifting point math in decipherer execution to accomplish existent clip and faster decrypting procedure. In the instance survey, the writers introduce floating-point ( FP ) unit in their architecture to measure the operation velocity ; therefore naming it the FP execution of MP3 decryption. In the latest research by Moslehpouret Al.( 2013 ) , the undertaking uses NIOS II system, which is a portion of package device, to read files and produces end product from the decrypting procedure. By utilizing unafraid digital ( SD ) card as input devices, the system uses Altera DE2 board but synthesize different file format: moving ridge files, or.wav extension files. Even so, the exposure of the study have shown that running the decipherer is possible, peculiarly because of package characteristics use Altera SOPC builder in Altera Quartus 9.1 environment, in which the platform is largely used in third instruction degree. Some of the old work did even make the architectural design of MP3 decipherer, utilizing a VLSI cell-based attack. Tsaiet Al.( 2004 ) have proposed the specific architectural construction of MP3 decipherer in which it achieves a high throughput with a decreased memory demand and hardware complexness. Meanwhile, Kalpanaet Al.( 2012 ) have tried to implement the algorithm on the decreased direction set computer science ( RISC ) based ARM processor, which is far more advanced, proficient wised. All of the old work did hold its important characteristics in edifice MP3 decryption nucleus, either in hardware or package. However, the execution of MP3 decrypting IP nucleus, which uses Verilog HDL as its hardware linguistic communication, as implementing it to the full hardware based is non good discovered. Therefore, the focal point is the study is to undertake the design of MP3 decrypting nucleus, on the surface at least.Introduction to the MP3 Decoding CoreHarmonizing to Kalpanaet Al.( 2012 ) , all MP3 files are divided into fragments called frames. Each frames shops 1152 samples, enduring for 26ms, which the frame rate is about 38 frame per second ( Federal Protective Service ) . The first measure to decrypt MP3 file format is by happening the start of the frame, which is called synchronism procedure, or else called initial reading.SynchroscopeBefore decryption, the start of the frame must be found. If the frame is interrupted, we can non happen the exact place of the followi ng frame ( Thuonget Al., 2007 ) . The construction of the frame consists of 5 parts ; heading, cyclic redundancy cheque ( CRC ) , side information, chief informations and accessory informations.HeadingCRCSide InformationMain informationsAncillary Data Figure 2.1The MP3 bitstream format The inside informations about the frame heading is as follows:Frame HeaderIt is a 32-bit long and has description of the frame, together with the synchronism word to separate the get downing portion of the bitstreamCRCUse to look into if there is any transmittal mistake for the most sensitive informations. The CRC will merely exists when the protection spot in the heading is set.Side InformationIncludes the of import information needed to decrypt the chief information. This depends on the channel manner. For individual channel, 136 spots are allocated, while for double channel, 256 spot allocated ( this is tantamount to 17 bytes in individual channel, 32 bytes in dual-channel )Main DataThe chief informations portion consists of the frames that includes scalefactors, Huffman coded spots and accessory informationsAncillary DataThis information can keep user-defined information. This frame country can keep optional informations such as vocal name or song information.Huffman DecodingThis subdivision contains one of the most of import undertaking in MP3 decryption. The undertaking of Huffman decrypting is to transform and mapping the information into scalefactors and symbols stand foring the 576 original frequence lines for each granule. These frequence line is divided into three divider ;Big-values,Count1andRzero. Big-valuesCount1Rzero Figure 2.2The three parts of frequence line Detailss on the Huffman codification divider are as follows:Big-valuesRepresents the lowest frequence lines and are coded with the highest preciseness, scaled from values between -15 to 15. When the decipherer finds the value 15, it assumes that the higher preciseness is needed. This can be done by utilizing the value 15 as an flight codification, so reads extra spots from the imput watercourse. The figure specified in the Huffman tabular array are called linbits.Count1Represent the higher frequence lines ; non necessitate the higher preciseness scaled value. Ranging from -1 to 1.RzeroRepresent the highest frequence lines, and non portion of the bitstream. It contains the the frequence lines that are removed by the encoder. These values are filled with nothing by the decipherer.RequantiserThe symbols generated from Huffman decrypting is so reconstructed into the original frequence line by utilizing the scalefactors provided in the side information of the frame. The low frequence scal efactor set contains less values than the high frequence. The descaling equation for both short blocks and long blocks are defined as Short blocks: Long blocks: The denoted scalefactorsscalefactor_sandscalefactor_lused by requantiser are provided by Huffman decipherer. Parametersglobal_gain,subblock_gainandpreflagcan be found in the frames provided by the Synchroniser block. The notaiondefines end product from the Requantser block, whileis the Huffman decoded value at indexI.ReorderingThis block merely has one undertaking: it reorders the frequence lines within a granule. When the short block is decoded, a short window will be used. The end product is so sorted into subbands, so on frequences and at last by Windowss to increase the efficiency of Huffman coding. Figure 2.3The reordering procedure ( the darker coloring material represents higher frequences )AntialiasingAntialiasing is the procedure where its map is to cut down the inevitable assumed name effects because of the use of non-ideal bandpass filtering. The alias Reconstruction is based on the butterfly computation, dwelling of eight butterfly computation for each subband. Figure 2.4The antialias butterflyInverse Modified Discrete Cosine TransformInverse Modified Discrete Cosine Transform, known as IMDCT, reproduce clip samples from the frequence lines, together with synthesis polyphase filterbank. The clip samples can be obtained from the frequence lines by utilizing the undermentioned equation. The IMDCT operation flow begins by taking 18 input frequence lines and generates 36 polyphase filter subband samples. The samples so multiplied with with a 36-point window before passed into following decryption procedure. Windowing is the procedure of multiplying and overlapping add-on operation of IMDCT’s end product with the sine window coefficient. Based on the length of each window, four types of block is used ; they arestart,halt,shortandlong. The determination of block type is based on the analysis of the psychoacoustic theoretical account. Figure 2.5Types of window sequences in a subband However, bring forthing 36 samples from 18 input means that there are merely 18 samples are alone, therefore the IMDCT method uses a 50 % convergence. In this instance, the 36 end product samples is so divided into 2 groups, low group and high group, which has 18 samples each. The overlapping procedure is so carried out by adding values from the higher group, old frame with the lower group, matching frame. Then, the frequence inversion is so taken topographic point to accomplish right stage difference. This was done by multiplying every uneven subband with ( -1 ) . Figure 2.6The IMDCT operation flowSynthesis Polyphase FilterbankThis block is the last measure in decrypting procedure. It converts all 32 subbands to bring forth 32 Pulse Code Modulation ( PCM ) samples at a clip The filterbank exploits aliasing and windowing to travel the subbands back into their frequence sphere. This block is divided into two parts ; Modified Discrete Cosine Transform ( MDCT ) and windowing.Modified Discrete Cosine TransformEach clip frame of the subband samples are ordered so that the first 32 values are the first sub-sample from each subband, and so forth. The MDCT processes 32 values at a clip by utilizing the equation: where The end point end product values,is so stored in the barrel shifter.WindowingThe windowing procedure tallies by multiplying the valuesfrom the barrel shifter with the window map. This window map is specified in the ISO criterion. The PCM generated are so computed for each loop. The MDCT and windowing together run 18 times for each granule, bring forthing 576 PCM samples ( 27ms at 44.1kHz ) . Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYIntroductionThis chapter discusses the well planned attack taken during the project’s timeline to guarantee that the undertaking is good organized and run expeditiously. The methodological analysis is represented into a flow chart for easiness of apprehension.Ocular Representation of Research MethodologyThe designate work flow for the undertaking is shown below, in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1The undertaking work flow The undertaking begins by researching any old plants related to the MP3 decryption and FPGA-based architecture execution. Besides that, several resources on hardware descriptive linguistic communication and package programming tutorial have besides looked at. The procedure involved in constructing the nucleus is studied and briefly elaborated to give excess cognition in order to carry through the research. The importance and intent of the undertaking is besides discussed in the first phase. The hardware used for proving and implementing the undertaking is Altera DE2 Educational Development Board. Figure 3.2The Altera DE2 board ( beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.terasic.com.tw/ )Altera DE2 BoardThe Altera DE2 board provides everything needed to develop many advanced digital designs utilizing Altera Cyclone II device, with utilizing application package Altera Quartus II. This development board is the first measure to present and larn basic FPGA devices easy, since it is accessible in the lab. It is suited for a broad scope of exercisings in classs on digital logic and computing machine organisation, from simple undertakings that illustrate cardinal constructs to progress designs.Altera Quartus II Figure 3.3The Quartus II work bench environment Altera Quartus II is a package tool produced by Altera for analysis and synthesis of HDL designs, which enables the user to roll up their designs, execute clocking analysis, analyze RTL diagrams, imitate a design ‘s reaction and configure the mark device with the coder.NIOS II Figure 3.4The NIOS II work bench environment Nios II is the most widely used soft processor in the FPGA industry. Nios II incorporates many sweetenings over the original predecessor, Nios architecture, doing it more suited for a wider scope of embedded computer science applications, from DSP to system-control. The development for Nios II consists of two separate stairss: hardware coevals, and package creative activity.

Event Concept Plan in Travelodge chain

Event Concept Plan in Travelodge chain Background Travelodge chain of hotels is among the notable success stories in the hospitality industry. From its humble beginnings in the United States, Travelodge has expanded to such other countries as Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and Spain (BBC par 3). It is important to note that the Travelodge brand is the same the world over.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Event Concept Plan in Travelodge chain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in the various countries in which the hotel chain has a presence, its operations are independent of the mother company and therefore, unique. Within the UK hospitality industry, Travelodge has a considerable market share and hence it is among the leading chain of hotels in the country. Travelodge UK boasts of approximately twenty thousand bedrooms, in effect meaning that the hotel is among those with the highest capacity in the sector. The services offered by Travelodge UK are at an affordable rate. This is with a view to encouraging an increasing number of individuals to travel and explore the UK. Because Travel lodge remains a market leader in the UK hospitality industry, the construction of a new container hotel facility is a clear demonstration of the commitment by the hotel’s management to providing customers with an improved quality of service. Travelodge Hotel Made From Shipping Containers. Source: Jeffries 2008. Event management is an activity that has been in operation for a long time now. The fact that we now have an increasing number of events being organized every other day is a clear testament of the extent to which event management as an activity has become entrenched into our culture (Allen and Bowdin 56). Some of the most common events that we are now more familiar with include games, festivals, concerts, meetings to political rallies. If at all the aforementioned events are to be properly executed, it is importan t to ensure that they are managed well.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, the hospitality industry plays very important role in the success of such events. To start with, those attending such event find accommodation in hotels and resorts. Accordingly, the all important role played by hotels in the activity of events management cannot be underplayed. The hotels also provide a platform for holding events. The success of any event is highly dependent on the planning process. In this case, the required resources in order to ensure that an event in question is held successfully, needs to be available prior to the commencement of such an event. In managing events, sponsorship is very important. It should be noted that managing events is an expensive undertaking, both in monetary terms, and time wise (Oliver 102). Sponsorship of an event does not just involv e the raising funds for the events; rather, the marketing process of the actual event is yet another important undertaking that one needs to take into account. Finding the right sponsor(s), the choice of sponsor(s) and the management of marketing and commercials aspects of an event forms an integral part of event management exercise. Every event has its goals and objective. Events are not just ends by themselves. They are mainly used to pass a certain message. Where a group of people have converged, this acts as a valuable opportunity to pass the desired message. The ability to wrap up a particular message with a given activity in an event is what actually differentiates a successful event from an unsuccessful one (Raj, Walters and Rashid 78). The theme of an event should not be overshadowed by the activities involved. Instead, we need to ensure that each activity in an event bears the intended message. The idea of container hotels is a new concept in the hospitality industry. By de finition, container hotels are hotels constructed from containers. The new concept has developed as a result of a number of challenges experienced that have faced the hospitality industry. In spite of increase in the number of hotels in the world, the market is still large enough, meaning that the existing facilities have not grown in tandem with the increasing market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Event Concept Plan in Travelodge chain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, a large market still exists as the available lodges and hotels are hardly enough to accommodate the growing demands of the hospitality industry. Some of the major challenges experienced in hospitality industry include the high costs incurred while putting up hotels and long duration of time required constructing hotels. Container hotels are a new concept that represents hotels of the future. Prior prepared containers are bolted togeth er to make a hotels, a concept referred by experts as ecological building (BBC News par 6). Container hotels are less costly to construct. They also take less time to construct in comparison with the conventional hotels and still provide the desired quality of service just like the other hotels. Moreover, the hotels are also ecologically friendly as the containers can be easily dismantled. Futuristic Fashions, slated to be held at Travelodge hotel, shall be a fashion show featuring fashion for the future. In this event, fashion designers are invited to future design fashions. The organizers of this event remind participants on the importance of being innovative in their design of current and future fashion issues. Historically, the field of fashion design has been quite dynamic. New fashions are full of complexity and they try to address new issues facing the world. Fashion designers from all parts of the world have been invited to participate in this event. The event will allow des igners to address various issues through their designs. Apart from the attendants, the event will also target television audience. Theme of the Event The theme of the event will be futuristic fashions. The event will aim at allowing designers present their fashions. The designers will be invited to think creatively and see beyond today in developing their designs. The 21st century is considered a century of great discovery and innovation (The Greens par 3). The world is constantly changing as a result of new developments each day. Therefore, challenges are the main motivation towards innovation. Many innovators are motivated by the challenges that they have to overcome in their lives or by the problems surrounding them (Bramwell 67). Innovation is usually viewed as a tool for liberation and hence, a tool that makes life much easier. Advancement in both technology and knowledge has allowed people to predict and imagine the future. The phrase â€Å"futuristic† has now become ve ry common. Futuristic music, futuristic art, futuristic transport system and futuristic cities are only some of attempts to imagine the future.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The challenges that we face today remains the main motivating factors towards innovation and creativity. Some of the challenges that we are faced with in the world today include depletion of natural resource, environment degradation and a growth in the global population. To address the issue of scarce resources and the effects this has on the environment, the concept of sustainability has been developed. Sustainability is concerned with responsible use of natural resources. The goal here is to utilize the available resources in such a manner as not to compromise future generations. It is important to note here that the Container hotel model is a move toward sustainability (BBC News par 7). The hotel is constructed using containers that have been bolted together. These containers can easily be dismantled. This implies that a hotel constructed in this manner could easily be relocated from one venue to another. Furthermore, the containers used for constructing the hotel can be reused f or shipment. The containers could also be melted to make something else. Therefore, container hotels are a success in sustainability in hospitality resources. The design saves on construction of a hotel. The containers are prepared separately and only brought together during construction. This not only save cost but also reduce the duration of time required to put up a hotel. Container hotels are a reflection of the future hotels and homes. The future hotels have to take note of scarcity of construction resources and space. High mobility of people in the world also calls for designs that allow homes to be easy to relocate. Futuristic fashions will raise people’s interest on creativity. They will also be able to imagine the future and in the process feel comfortable with container hotel model. Travelodge Marketing objective Travelodge market itself as a budget hotel. The hotel’s intention is to provide affordable hotel services to its clients. One of the regrettable cha llenges the hotel have experienced in the past have been overbooking. Among other reasons, high demand for the hotels affordable services had led to overbooking in some occasions. The new container hotel model thus aims at helping the hotel meet the high demand for its services. The design ensures efficient utilization of available space. Moreover, the design reduces cost considerable helping the hotel save a lot of money. Travelodge hotel is well known as leader in innovation. In many years of operation, the hotel has been dedicated to using innovation and creativity in providing services to its customers. The fashion show event will therefore help the company market its new container hotel. Through this event, customer will be booked into the container rooms, giving them opportunity to experience the convenience of the new rooms. By doing this, the customers will have a first hand experience on suitability and comfort of the new design. It is highly expected that the fashion show will help market the hotel. Positioning of Travelodge from the event The event will position the hotel as progressive and innovative. There has been increase interest in innovation across the globe. People are interested in companies that meet their needs in a different way (Tum, Norton and Wright 104). Futuristic fashions will call for a lot of innovation and creativity from the designers. The fashions may range from those that address environmental issues to those that can be used in space. Container design will also be portrayed and innovative way of solving current problems in the world. Thus, the hotel will be viewed as future hotel and environmentally friendly. As many people are concerned over environmental conservation; the event will portray the hotel as environmentally conscious. Sponsorship Sponsorship brings benefits to both the sponsors and the event (Berkowitz 47). In planning an event, sponsors are chosen depending on the benefits to be derived. On the other hand, pot ential sponsors to an event such as government media and corporate evaluate the benefits they would get by sponsoring an event (Raj, Walters and Rashid 105). Thus, events sponsoring bring mutual benefits to both sides. By choosing a good sponsor, event managers can attract participants and audiences and be able to get enough revenue. On the other hand, government sponsor may aim at passing certain information in form of public awareness. In such a case, the government sponsors should target events that will attract public attention. Corporate with commercial reasons pursue events that will give them commercial benefits. Despite the benefits that attract sponsorship, event managers have the responsibility of controlling the sponsorship (Bramwell 33). The purpose and integrity of events should not be compromised by the benefits. Events that are attractive to sponsors may lead to unhealthy competition. Sponsors to the futuristic fashions will be invited and selected appropriately. Envi ronmentally conscious organizations will be most appropriate as sponsors to the event. Media plan Media plays a very significant role in success of an event. The media help to raise awareness over an event and communicate intended message. Public awareness over an event determines how people would participate in an event. Theme of an event should be elaborate in a media presentation. It should prepare participants on what to expect from an event. For this event, television and radio advertisements will be used. The television and radio adverts shall be run concurrently. Appropriate media houses will be identified to carry the adverts. Both local and international media will be used in order to reach the hotels wide market world over. Allen, G and Bowdin, J. Event management. London: Elsevier, 2006. Print. BBC News. Shipping container hotel built. 2008. 05 Aug. 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7176594.stm Berkowitz, T. Event Sponsorship. Rochester Business Jou rnal, 2.3(2008):54. Bramwell, B. Strategic Planning before and after a mega-event. Tourism Management, 18. 3(2008). Oliver, I. Event Planning. New York: Lulu.com, 2008. Print. Raj, R., Walters, P., Rashid, T. Event Management: An Integrated and practical approach. New York: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2008. Print. The Greens. Futuristic Fashions. 2010. 05 Aug. 2010. meetthegreens.org/episode2/futuristic-fashions.html Tum, J., Norton P and Wright, N. Management of event operations. London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006. Print.

Serhat Tanyolacar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Serhat Tanyolacar - Essay Example The unity has given the visual image a sense of oneness and the image has created its meaning. Uses a symmetrical balance that is the most stable type of balance. In terms of scale and proportion, the artwork seems large. Moreover, the artwork has used a various combination of design elements such roughness to develop a feeling of organized movement. In my opinion, the artist has taken his time in creating this artwork. I also believe that motion is paramount in this artwork since the artwork can move on its own through natural properties. I think particular such as color, line, texture, and shape element of visual arts contains iconographic significance in the artwork. The general theme of the Midwest Corn image is describing the Midwest corn. The title of the artwork has a close relationship with the image, as the image is partially a corn. The artwork confronts some social, political issues. The image is has a human head that can be used to refer to some political leaders who infl uence the growth of corn in Midwest. I think the author’s point of view was to address the issue of corn or agriculture in Midwest. The artist has used corn as his medium of artwork. This affects the image has it will have many viewers. I think this was the appropriate medium to attract many viewers. The overall content of the artwork was to describe the Midwest corn, but this differs from the subject matter since the image has a human head and insect legs. This image made me think of what the human head and insect legs were representing.

Monopoly and AntitrustPolicy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Monopoly and AntitrustPolicy - Assignment Example What would happen if the law preventing competition in this market was removed? Explain your answer. According to Foldvary (2010), â€Å"A "natural monopoly" is defined in economics as an industry where the fixed cost of the capital goods is so high that it is not profitable for a second firm to enter and compete. There is a "natural" reason for this industry being a monopoly, namely that the economies of scale require one, rather than several, firms. Small-scale ownership would be less efficient.† The USPS is a natural monopoly. Costs would go up if competition was allowed in this market. With natural monopolies, one firm can control an entire industry and still achieve the lowest price. 4. Patents are granted every 20 years. However, drug companies don’t have patents on new drugs for this long a time because it takes several years for FDA approval. In your opinion, should drug patents be extended for 20 years? Who would benefit? Who would not benefit? I do not believe that drug patents should be extended for 20 years simply because of the high cost of new drugs. Many people cannot afford their medication unless it is generic. The consumer would not benefit, but the drug companies

Unit 3 Part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 3 Part 1 - Essay Example Anderson and Bushman (2001), provide a better understanding of such effects on viewers. Their scientific research states that, â€Å"Violent media increase aggression by teaching observers how to aggress, by priming aggressive cognitions (including previously learned aggressive scripts and aggressive perceptual schemata), by increasing arousal, or by creating an aggressive affective state.† The violent video games are not only affecting the social, psychological and physical wellbeing of children but are also affecting their activities including education, family relationships and interating abilities. In this regard, Lynch et al. (2004), provide studies which â€Å"show a fairly consistent negative correlation between recreational video game play and grades.† Children, who are aggressive by nature without any external factor increasing this aggression, are more likely to be affected by such video games. A correlational study conducted by Anderson and Dill (2000) concludes that the relationship between violent video games and aggression are more likely to be devastating for children having aggressive behaviour or showing negative behaviours in their early life. The main result of the study by Baldacci, Pasold, Baumgardner, & Funk (2004) proposed that media exposure directly relates to the desensitization of children from violence. It also leads to lower empathy when it comes to real life violence. The more a child is exposed to violence in media or video games the more he is desensitized to his surroundings. Similarly it was also found through the study the empathy level of the children was also significantly lowered down with the increased exposure to media and games. Hence, we may conclude that the effects of violent video games and exposure of violence on media is affecting children greatly. There is a need to research the effects in depth and analyze the changes that occur in children’s behaviour after getting exposed to media

Problem Solving Action Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Problem Solving Action Form - Essay Example The primary goal of this action plan is to reduce the drastic crimes throughout the community against the elderly. Specifically, it aims to achieve a 25% reduction in the incidence of the said street crime. Discussion In order to attain the departmental objective, the Bailey Police Department has laid out their necessary projects or programs for this action plan. The plan includes the increase of the number of field interviews by all officers on the watch in order to check all the crimes against the elderly so that it will be monitored and determined if how such crime occurred, and when the offenders commonly attack. It will also be included in the action plan to monitor crime analysis by each reporting district and location in order to identify the hotspot areas in the community where robbers usually performed their activities. The police department will also initiate a business watch and liaison program with local merchants in order to prevent armed robberies in the area as well as to maintain peace and order within the business vicinity. And this can be achieved by maintaining periodic observation and increasing of police enforcement in the area. The department will also initiate and increase patrol of officers on bikes, cars and foot patrol during the holiday season throughout the community. ... Aside from those, the unit action plan also considered the involvement of the community in solving the issue by formulating a neighborhood watch program. In order to do so, the police department will be conducting a town hall meeting to inform and keep them aware regarding of this issue. The police department will also remind the community to be cooperative and vigilant or alert if ever they see or observe anyone in the area who has suspicious actions and to call 911hotline for emergency assistance and or report to patrol officers. The effective implementation of this action plan lies in the hand of the personnel involved. And these include the chief of police or sheriff, police officers and assigned watch personnel. It is the prime responsibility of the police department chief or head to look over whether the plan is working towards their objective. Likewise, the police officers and watch personnel will be responsible in performing their specific assigned tasks. The involved personn el will also work closely with other units such as the crime prevention unit, investigation unit and the compstats and will be deployed in the community in order to increase police visibility in the hotspot locations to reduce street crimes. Since, the Bailey Police Department is composed of 14 police officers; it will be divided into two squads in order to patrol and monitor the community 24 hours a day, 7 days a week in alternate schedule. In the implementation of the said programs and projects, the department will be utilizing the normal assigned equipment for the police officers such as the service handgun and ammunition, holster, portable radio with carrier, handcuffs, binocular, night vision devices and

Social Media As A Tool For Protest

Social Media As A Tool For Protest The revolution in social media has made it easier for likeminded people to gather and voice their opinion on a particular subject of common interest, the revolution has accelerated the rate at which relationships develop, information is communicated and influence is transmitted. Social media is like community places in past: a place where aggravated people can get together to discuss and raise protests. Facebook has played a large role in this revolution since it has taught users a new way to create groups, spread information all over the globe and voice their opinion unanimously. Social media has had a profound effect on society, commoners now has a chance of having their voice heard, there is a sense of hope, as every issue has the ability to be widespread, empowering citizens of all nations with the power of being heard. A recent example is the rape crime currently committed in India, the news and protests have spread throughout the globe from India to the United States and people are signing petitions on Facebook condemning this act and asking for a death penalty for the abusers. In this case governments face increasing pressure because of the power of the crowd, and due to the Arab spring, the power of the crowd should not be underestimated. In recent proceedings like the Tunisian uprising, the Egyptian protests and, the most common, the student protests, social media has acted as tool to get people altogether and carry out the protests and uprising. It is important to note that social media in its entirety should not be blamed for the uprising as it is merely a tool to disseminate information quickly and on a broader level. There are many other elements to consider when carrying out a protest for revolutionary change such as funding, organisation and proper leadership. The key to creating a proper protest movement is to motivate and convince people about a certain cause, and to inspire them to leave the comfort of their own homes and face the chaos and gravity of the streets, to be prepared to face the police and other irregularities of the open street. Social Medias role in this revolutionary period is allowing the revolutionists to broadcast information at a cheaper cost, participants do not have to attend regular meetings, workshops or rallies. So in order to make a social media led revolution into reality it is necessary for it to be translated into street action. But in some countries the government directly controls the media profoundly; social media are one of the reliable sources of news for citizens. They are somehow the voice of the natives. Bloggers take over the position of journalists and correspondents to bring the news that would otherwise be suppressed and masked by the government. Hence this shows that social media is not directly responsible for revolution, in Egypt when the government blocked internet access, the revolutionaries distributed information through handing out pamphlets with their tactics and they used fax and telephone lines for communication, something which was done in Iran in 2009. In fact social media are not accountable for the protests; they may be a tool to organize them. The channel for the Tunisian uprising was the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi. This event set off people to protest against the said Tunisian government. The social media coverage of this event made the protests spread and helped to organize protests on a broad scale eventually. Only 21% of the Egyptian population use internet and only 33.4% of the Tunisians. (Internet World Stats, 2012) these figures are unlikely to launch an entire national movement, but are enough to get it initiated. Though the government shut down all that from the internet but the protests still kept on growing and made up to The March of many Millions. Social media is not only used for physical protests, but are being used for digital protests. One can join even a Face book group to express his support, opinion and comment if he cannot make it to the physical protest. In this regard Twitter is also used, when there is a live protest happening. The use of said social media will definitely expand in future years and perhaps 2013 will be the year of the social protests. Influence and power of media global contestation Social media alone does not work for revolutions alone; they are the tools that allow revolutionary groups to groom well. It lowers the overall cost of participation, recruitment, training and organization. And inherent weaknesses, strengths along with their effectiveness depends how influentially leaders use them, how it is easily accessible to the general category of people. The Iranian green revolution in 2009 was upraised mostly by the western media through YouTube and twitter that follows later Moldovas revolution 2009 that is twitter revolution. Revolution always required an organization, mass appeal and funding. Sometimes they appear vulnerable to the governments counter protest strategies. To motivate individuals up to that required standard that is required, joining the chaos of the streets, mention their protest, and record their point of views instead of sitting at their houses. Social media presently has become important tool for social networking and most importantly the content sharing among the community. The content is generated from the websites that are up to date and remains largely untapped. Social media demonstrate how social media content can be used to predict real-world outcomes in this age of fast communication. Particular, we can use the chatter from public sharing sites like Twitter to forecast the upcoming situations. The tweets extracted from Twitter may be further utilized to improve the forecasting power of social media. The information spread like fire in the forest and the community is driven by the social media. SOCIAL MEDIA AS A TOOL FOR POLITICAL PROTEST: The participation of social media in political protests could be anticipated since the birth of social media. It plays a vital role in awareness and revolutionary impacts around this global village. But we can say a boost influence was made after the introduction of Facebook In 2003, Youtube In 2005 And Twitter In 2006 and such type of other social networking sites. An Article posted in (TheAge,2012) is an example of a social networking site used in a political protest in which it is written that Facebook was used to rally the protesters who gathered in Sydneys CBD to demonstrate against an anti-Islam film but the rally was hijacked by extremists, says Muslim community. In the same article Ms Abdel-Fattah said Facebook updates from friends at the protest depicted a demonstration that had started peacefully until a minority of extremists hijacked it. However one of the famous protest made in 2011 in Egypt covered quite a role of social media, (taken from an article by Anne Alexander on 9th February 2011 in BBC NEWS) The events of 28 January are particularly important, because they contain crucial clues to understanding the broader relationship between the media both new and old and the mass movement for change which has developed in Egypt over the past few weeks. The Social media is creating very difficult for the some authoritarian leaders to maintain an authoritarian rule. Media is making it difficult even for tough autocracies such as Iran and Myanmar. Firstly, the fact that an internet and mobile phone blockade failed shows clearly that this movement is not based on the web. In fact, the movement which erupted on 25 January has brought together many groups who have taken to the streets over the past 10 years. They are varied socially and politically, ranging from workers to bloggers and democracy campaigners, to senior judges, to members of the Muslim Brotherhood and Coptic Christians. This is the first time they have all demonstrated together, and the first time they have been joined by millions of their fellow citizens. But it is important to understand that this movement builds on a legacy of protest by many different activist networks, most of which are not primarily organized online. Secondly, it is clear that the protesters use a range of different media to communicate with each other and to get their message across. I was in Tahrir Square on Sunday: everywhere you look there are mobile phones, hand-written placards, messages picked out in stones and plastic tea cups, graffiti, newspapers and leaflets, not to mention al-Jazeeras TV cameras which broadcast hours of live footage from the square every day. When one channel of communication is blocked, people try another. Every mass movement needs spaces where political alternatives can be debated and organization can take place. In the 1940s, the last time that Egypt saw mass protests on a similar scale, radical bookshops, underground newspapers and illegal trade union meetings played this role. For the current generation some of these spaces have been online. I asked Ahmed, a socialist activist in Tahrir Square, what role he thought the internet was playing in mobilizing protest. Online organizing is very important because activists have been able to discuss and take decisions without having to organize a meeting which could be broken up by the police, he said. We can also witness social media as warfare in the Gaza Battle, as NBC News brings in our knowledge that Israeli and Hamas military forces tired to fight the conflicts in GAZA by using social media. But the Israeli Defense Forces broadcasting of the details of its attacks against Gaza via Twitter, YouTube, and its own blog (IDFblog.com) is more organized and pointed-and its viral qualities have made it perfect fodder for protesters. Soon after the IDFs first tweet of an attack last Wednesday, protesters across the globe took to the streets to rally against the bloodshed and show their support for Gaza-and for Israel as well posted by Cara Maresca (MSNBC, 2012) SOCIAL MEDIA AND ACTIVISM: Activism can be defined as the vigorous or revolutionary actions, protests, demonstrations etc taken in order to implement or achieve goals. However social media is one of the main orbit around which activism revolves. Its main influence could be seen majorly in youth. Many NGOs and other organizations lay down platforms for activists. An example of rising activism through social media can be given from the article Global activist network involving Asia: global continuation an evolution in Japan written by Takuro Higuchi (inter-Asia cultural studies, volume 13, number 3, 14th June 2012) Since Seattle 1999, plenty of summit protests around WTO, G8/20, IMF, WB, COP, and so on happened in each of the different summit sites in the last decade. Such incidents were amazingly accepted because of their mass actions and widespread networks of activists sustaining a series of mass actions. As some researchers argue, those of generating networks are based on horizontality and autonomy, and they have already prefigured a powerful model for (re)organizing society. However, on the other hand, some researchers also argue the major shortcomings. In theory, the Global Activist Network has been constructed since Seattle, although in practice there has still been a serious spatial gap between the Western part of the world and the other side of the world. Actually, the global activist network has excluded Asia. However, in 2008, the G8 summit was held in Japan. This paper, thus, aims to show that the global activist network since Seattle, which was limited to Europe and North America, has expanded to involve Asia through the 2008 G8 summit in Japan. The 2000 G8 in Japan was right after the Seattle in 1999, yet, due to its single-issue and national character of the movements, globally expanding networks didnt reach Japan. However, movements around the 2003 anti-Iraq war brought in the autonomous character of the alter-globalization movement and referred to the legacy of autonomous activisms. During the 2008 G8, some autonomous activists in Japan took over the diversity of tactics and networks of activists inherited since PGA, DAN and Dissent!' Another great definition of social network relating activism can be read under the heading of GLOBAL ACTIVISM NETWORK: When scholars and activists conceptualize social movements, increasingly, they emphasize the role of networks in activist organizations and coalitions. There is accumulating evidence that activist issue campaigns are strengthened and broadened by their network-based organizational strategies. These networks are often transnational or global in their reach thanks, in large part, to the enabling qualities of the Internet. The following links present papers and websites that provide resources for better understanding the strategies, strengths and limitations of activist networks. (Govcom, 2012) features work by Richard Rogers and his colleagues at the University of Amsterdam. Using social network analysis methods, these researchers explore innovative techniques for measuring networks and tracing their dynamics over time. They are able to create remarkable sociograms or maps of activist networks. Richard Rogers has also developed typologies for hyperlinks and networks. Bennet (1998) Globalization has changed societies and the ways in which people think about and communicate politics. This paper explores properties of global activist communication and examines their implications for political organization and change according to (Global Activists Network, 2011) However social media turned out to be very helpful for the disable activists as well. Written by Patric Butler while there are fears that traditional methods of disability activism are on the wane, a new campaigning spirit is been forged using the social media revolution he also wrote Galvanized by the governments draconian welfare reform agenda, the new activism arguably is helping to renew a disability movement thought by some to have lost its way in recent years. The staggering Twitter-driven success of the We Are Spartacus campaign in January announced the emergence of this new wave. This carefully planned viral campaign steered by a tiny band of activists almost single-handedly put the previously arcane issue of cuts in disability on the public agenda Awareness of social media and activism is also given to the young generation, as they are the upcoming leaders of tomorrow, events and programs are organized for their knowledge an example of such act is an event organized in Glasgow by the name KIDS, SOCIAL MEDIA AND ACTIVISM on September 24th 2012. However, a book GLOBAL ACTIVISM, GLOBAL MEDIA written by Wilma de Jong, Martin Shaw, Neil Stammers ties up much of the activism related with social media. INTERNET EMPOWERMENT: Though social media is actually web based media and it refers to accessible online technologies where people share, publish, comment, and communicate etc across the global village. Starting from the local communities, we see a great internet empowerment around Social media has the capacity to alter traditional power dynamics. Consumers can influence the buying decisions of others by sharing their experiences of purchasing products or services online. Major industries find themselves disrupted by file sharing and citizen journalism, while governments have been challenged by citizens mobilized with the help of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. The Young Foundation wanted to test whether social media could empower local, geographical communities. So we set to work with several community groups in Huddersfield, Kings Lynn and north Kensington. Across these areas we supported residents who wanted to use social media to develop relationships between neighbors, increase awareness of local news and events, and ultimately encourage more people to get involved in community action says Mandeep Hothi in a community action blog. Walking towards the professional approach the Blow Fish Agency tells us much about the social internet media empowerment Both social media marketing and advanced web communication are important approaches to business that are rapidly expanding. One significant trend, appearing with greater frequency, is the necessity for not only brand value, but extreme brand transparency. It is clear that various diverse companies are investing more in social media and web optimization and less in print media and the like. Consumers, in the last decade, have begun spending increasing time on the Internet and less time reading magazines and listening to public radio. The old trends in advertising are quickly becoming obsolete and in order to stay abreast and maintain market share, businesses are taking great measures to keep up with consumers and are gravitating towards web-based marketing. Although the mastery of social media tools does not, by any means, guarantee market domination or any concrete increase in profits, it does allow businesses to stay competitive in an ever-changing marketplace. Blowfish is well awar e of the weight that web communication carries with it and strives, on a daily basis, to optimize that communication of its clients. The internet empowerment and its anticipations can be understood from the book Network Empowerment edited by Oliver B Popov. This book is based on workshops on network technologies, internet services, control, security, access efficiency etc. However, events for future internet or social media empowerment awareness are carried out by variety of organizations around the globe. One of the active organizations in Glasgow is a good example for arranging such events. Making Waves Social Media, Empowerment and Wellbeing is an example of an event organized in Glasgow. Can social media approaches help empower communities to be more engaged in shaping their own health and wellbeing? Can they contribute to the creation of richer forms of dialogue between health-related agencies and service users? What partners, skills and resources can help? What pitfalls should be avoided? What kinds of approaches to dialogue, sharing news and telling stories are most productive? These were the few main motives of this event. Amsterdam privacy conference 2012 is another example of such event under the heading of USER EMPOWERMENT IN A SOCIAL MEDIA CULTURE where ideas were presented and exchanged regarding people under the influence of internet empowerment and the presence common culture of social media around the globe. Computer revolution has a strong bonding between media and internet; however social media and internet are blended in the same category. Furthermore increase in empowerments could be anticipated through the past, present and future web technologies advancement. Defying Social Media Social Media does have its drawbacks, with the low cost of communication, there is also the cost of low operational security, and messages on Facebook are accessible by almost everyone. Social media is being used as an intelligence collecting tool, and users have become more cautious in giving out more personal information. Therefore the reliability of the information and the information disseminator is questionable, increasing the risks of getting involved into something which is illegal and falling into the wrong hands. Prior to gaining access to a country, Social Networking sites need to get approval of the governments of the locality, and getting approval usually involves giving the government unlimited access to the data of the users registered in their own country. This in turn increases the risks of the people participating in the revolutionary movement, because if this revolutionary movement fails, then the government has full access to the data of those who were involved and who planned this movement, this information can land them in jail and cause a lot of trouble for them and their families. This is one of the tradeoffs these revolutionaries must think about before deciding to use Social Media as their tool to broadcast their purpose. Conclusion In fact, the protests only grew bigger more and more as websites or social media were shut down and the Internet was turned off as in Egypt. If the right situation exists than a historic revolution can occur. Just because an Internet-based group exists does not make it popular or a threat. There are several Face book groups, many YouTube videos and hundreds of Twitter posts about everything, but that can never make them popular only if the concentration of the community is more towards the basic urges and needs. Due to problems like inflation, food shortages, corruption , population must be motivated to mobilize and protest with good zeal and zest. The popularity of the social media, one of many consequence of the Internet, may actually be separated from International media observation. In real time we can now easily watch protest developments and most modern situations. Western perceptions about the said issue are often easily persuaded by English-speaking, media-savvy. This is now further exaggerated in Authoritarian countries of modern age. Western media is now having the same challenge and have no choice but to turn the social media like Twitter and YouTube on to report on the crisis of the present, thus ultimately increasing the apparent importance of social communal media. In the Middle East, where the Internet diffusion is below 35% if any movement or protest grows large enough to effect the change it will join through the word of mouth, not through the social networking. This is not an insuperable challenge, as shown in china, but even in this case there is Increasing anxiety about the capability of Internet users to escape controls and spread illegal and forbidden information. Social media can represent only one contrivance among many for an resistance group to employ. Protest Movements are hardly ever successful if started from somebodys basement in a virtual arena. Their leaders should behave, just like leaders of any other organization and should organize and gather people and convince them to leave their homes and join a movement which may jeopardize their lives and also the lives of their families Any revolutionary group cannot rely only on its most tech-savvy significant leaders to commence a successful protest or revolution, this is in fact a fraction of the overall policy, and it cannot be the sole strategy to launch a movement . The real story of social media working for the betterment and developing the nations is one of entity Empowerment. Social media connects deprived nations to the whole world and provides the power to figure the Internet in such a way that it become significant to their peoples lives, the command to organize in scale, and the influence to speak. Social media can be used positively, to make others hear of social injustices that occur and are un heard of in the convention media channels. Social media has given hope to a number of people and has helped spread the word of many oppressed people, hence when used positively social media can have a revolutionary impact on the users lives. These are the feature that makes social media an implausible tool that may be embraced by everyone with an eye towards significant development.